Categoria: Publicações

Artigo publicado: exploring the Impact of Educational Television and Parent–Child Discussions on Children’s Racial Attitudes

Título: Exploring the Impact of Educational Television and Parent–Child Discussions on Children’s Racial Attitudes

Autores: Brigitte Vittrup and George W. Holden

Periódico: Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9, 1

Abstract: clique aqui
The purpose of this study was to test the potential of educational television and parent–child discussions about race to change White children’s attitudes toward Blacks. Ninety-three White children ages 5–7 and their parents participated. Families were randomly assigned into three experimental groups and one control group. Those in the experimental groups were asked either to show their children five educational videos, with or without additional discussions, or to have race-related discussions with their children without the videos. Improvements were seen in children’s out-group attitudes in both the video and discussion groups, whereas in-group attitudes decreased for those who watched videos and had discussions with their parents. Results revealed lack of parental compliance. Even when instructed to do so, only 10% of parents reported having in-depth race-related discussions with their children. Children’s racial attitudes were not significantly correlated with those of their parents, but children’s perceptions of their parents’ attitudes were positively correlated with their own. Reasons for parents’ reticence about race discussions, their outcome implications, and directions for future research and intervention are discussed.

Artigo publicado: How Ideological Attitudes Predict Host Society Members’ Attitudes toward Immigrants

Título: How Ideological Attitudes Predict Host Society Members’ Attitudes toward Immigrants

Autores: Roberto González, David Sirlopú and Thomas Kessler

Periódico: Journal of Social Issues, 66, 4, 803-824

Abstract: clique aqui

A special Latin American acculturative context is currently developing in Chile in which native Chileans have contact with several immigrant groups, particularly newcomers from Peru. This study examines several intergroup variables including contact, national and Latino American identities, group distinctiveness, realistic threat, intergroup anxiety, and acculturation preferences as predictors of prejudice on the part of both Chilean natives and Peruvian immigrants. Three hundred Peruvian immigrants (194 females and 106 males) and 300 Chileans (199 females and 101 males) participated in the study. Acculturation preferences, perceived group distinctiveness, and especially intergroup contact were shown to be important predictors of prejudice toward out-group members. Intergroup anxiety and realistic threat mediated some of these effects. The pattern of these results also varied as a function of nationality. Theoretical as well as practical implications for further research are discussed.

Artigo publicado: Decreasing Gender Prejudice Among Children

Título: Teaching Children Fairness: Decreasing Gender Prejudice Among Children

Autores: Britney G. Brinkman, Allison Jedinak, Lee A. Rosen and Toni S. Zimmerman

Periódico: Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9, 1

Abstract: clique aqui
Elementary school children (66 girls and 55 boys, aged 10–13 years) in the Western United States participated in a program designed to teach them about fairness and to decrease their engagement in gender-prejudice behaviors. The study utilized a pretest/posttest design comparing students in the treatment group to students in a control group. Children and teachers completed measures regarding the children’s engagement of gender prejudice among their classmates, and students participated in focus groups after completing the program. At posttest, students in the treatment group reported experiencing less gender-prejudice by their classmates than students in the control group. Teachers also reported fewer gender-prejudice behaviors by the students in the treatment group. Qualitative analyses of the focus groups revealed that the students reported learning to challenge gender role stereotypes and endorsed a commitment to treating boys and girls fairly.

Artigo publicado: How Ideological Attitudes Predict Host Society Members’ Attitudes toward Immigrants

Título: How Ideological Attitudes Predict Host Society Members’ Attitudes toward Immigrants: Exploring Cross-National Differences

Autores: KarJ. Christopher Cohrs and Monika Stelzl

Periódico: Journal of Social Issues, 66, 4, 673-694

Abstract: clique aqui

Recent theoretical frameworks assume that the ideological attitudes of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) predict individuals’ attitudes toward immigrant groups, and that these predictive relations are affected by contextual factors. Based on these assumptions, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relations between ideological attitudes and anti-immigrant attitudes in 155 samples from 17 countries (totalN= 38,522 participants). As potential correlates of cross-national differences in these relations, socioeconomic indices, cultural worldviews, and collective perceptions of immigrants were considered. RWA was a particularly strong predictor of anti-immigrant attitudes in countries where immigrants were perceived as increasing the crime rate and as not being beneficial to the economy (e.g., Germany, Italy); and SDO was a particularly strong predictor in countries with a higher relative unemployment rate of immigrants (e.g., Belgium, Sweden). We discuss the interplay of individual and sociocultural factors and offer directions for future research.

Artigo publicado: Explanations without causes and causes without reasons

Título: Explanations without causes and causes without reasons

Autores: Hudson Meadwell

Periódico: Social Science Information 2010;49 539-562

Abstract: clique aqui

Action is a central category in the social sciences. It is also commonplace to assume that the social world has a causal structure. Yet standard ways of specifying causal relations in social science lack explanatory force when the subject matter is intentional action. The present article considers this problem. The metaphysics of action are distinguished from the metaphysics of intentional action, and it is argued that the former forces an implausible unity on the actions of inanimate nature and of rational agents. Agency in the metaphysics of action adds nothing to state-variable causation. Agency in the metaphysics of intentional action, in contrast, is argued to have a different structure, not reducible to state-variable causation. Work on endogenous choice in social science suggests that the concept of agency that is on view in literature on selection effects and social generation implies the metaphysics of intentional action. Recent research in the philosophy of action is considered in order to specify the structure of intentional action and the force of intentional explanations.

Artigo publicado: influence of social environment on learning by older adults

Título: Is learning a family matter?: Experimental study of the influence of social environment on learning by older adults in the use of mobile phones

Autores: Kenji Mori and Etsuko T. Harada

Periódico: Japanese Psychological Research, 52, 3, 244-255

Resumo: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5884.2010.00434.x/abstract

Artigo publicado: Between Interculturalism and Ethnocentrism

Título: Between Interculturalism and Ethnocentrism: Local Government and the Indigenous Movement in Otavalo-Ecuador

Autor: Rickard Lalander

Periódico: Bulletin of Latin American Research, 29, 4, 505-521

Resumo: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2010.00414.x/abstract

Artigo publicado: Intraregional Migration, Direct Action Land Reform, and New Land Settlements

Título: Intraregional Migration, Direct Action Land Reform, and New Land Settlements in the Brazilian Amazon

Autores: Stephen G. Perz, Flavia Leite, Cynthia Simmons, Robert Walker, Stephen Aldrich and Marcellus Caldas

Periódico: Bulletin of Latin American Research, 29, 4, 459-476

Resumo: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1470-9856.2010.00384.x/abstract

Artigo publicado: The Murder of Jean Charles de Menezes

Título: Migratory Emotions: The Murder of Jean Charles de Menezes

Autores: Tara Atluri

Periódico: Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4,9, 681-691

Resumo: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00297.x/abstract

Artigo publicado: Developing a Health Surveillance System for People With Intellectual Disabilities

Título: Developing a Health Surveillance System for People With Intellectual Disabilities in the United States

Autores: Gloria Krahn, Michael H. Fox, Vincent A. Campbell, Ismaila Ramon and George Jesien

Periódico: ournal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7, 3, 155-166

Resumo: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00260.x/abstract